![]() The dates Eastman Kodak stopped the manufacture of nitrate film are listed in the table below. Therefore, just because you see the word “nitrate” does not guarantee that it is. Note that a nitrate negative may have been copied at some point and the edge printing from the original will appear on the copy. A "V" notch code (first from the edge) will identify pre-1949 Kodak sheet film as nitrate while a “U” shaped notch (first from the edge) will indicate the Kodak film is acetate. Notch codes can also identify sheet film as nitrate. (later roll films were coated on both sides to prevent such curling). Amateur roll films were not marked but can be identified by their tendency to curl very tight scrolls It wasn’t done on either early nitrate negatives or onsome roll film formats. Unfortunately, not all manufacturers adopted edge printing identification. The words generally identified the manufacturer and the type of film: nitrate or safety. Many manufacturers stamped professional sheet films with an identification along one border. Nitrate Kodak notch code (at right) and printingĪcetate Kodak notch code (at right) and printing There are four ways to identify nitrate negatives. Deteriorated nitrate negatives are easy to identify, but nitrate negatives in good condition are almost visually indistinguishable from other types of transparent films. Since these negatives need special attention, they should immediately be separated from other negatives. Due to the inherent instability of cellulose nitrate, much of our photographic legacy from this period is disappearing.Ī photographic collection that contains any flexible, transparent film negatives from the time period of 1890-1950 is very likely to contain at least some nitrate film. ![]() ![]() Large quantities of nitrate film have caused several disastrous fires. The film was, and is, highly flammable, and it releases hazardous gases as it deteriorates. Nitrate film remained in production in various formats until the early 1950s.Īs a photographic support, nitrate film had some serious disadvantages. The increased convenience of flexible films enabled professional photographers to take more photographs under a wider variety of conditions it also created a new amateur market which quickly became the economic foundation of the photo industry. This innovation was the foundation of an entirely new era in photography. In August 1889, Eastman Kodak began selling the first photographic negatives on cellulose nitrate flexible film support. The products of their degradation can severely harm and even destroy photographic collections, in addition to posing serious safety hazards. Unfortunately, cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetates are unstable. These materials have been used as a support for negatives, positive transparencies, motion pictures, microfilm, and other photographic products. There are three broad types of film-based photographic materials: cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetates, and polyester. Preservation often involves working to mitigate those disadvantages and, in the case of photography, this means working to increase the stability of inherently unstable materials. New technologies are adopted based on their advantages, and disadvantages are considered later or sometimes not at all. Northeast Document Conservation Center Introduction Resources for Municipal and County Clerks.Photograph Conservation and Preservation Resources.Paper Conservation and Preservation Resources.Caring for Private and Family Collections.California Emergency Preparedness Consultations.Book Conservation and Preservation Resources.Chapter 5: Disaster Preparedness and Response.Chapter 4: Managing Digital Audiovisual Collections.Chapter 3: Planning, Preparing, and Implementing Reformatting Projects.Chapter 1: Care and Handling of Audiovisual Collections.Fundamentals of AV Preservation Textbook.Digital Preservation Assessment Training.Fundamentals of Photograph Preservation. ![]() How Can an Assessment Benefit Your Collection?.Working with Collection Assessments and Consultations."Ready - Or Not": Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness Project.Collection and Item Assessments and Consultations.Preservation Assessments and Consultations.Advanced Photograph Conservation Internship.Working with Conservation for Private and Family Collections.Working with Conservation for Cultural Institutions and Government Agencies.Collection Assessments and Consultations.Conservation Services for Private and Family Collections.Conservation Services for Cultural Institutions and Government Agencies.
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